<?php
$review = array(
	1 => array(
		'q' =>'What function is used to match a regular expression? What function is used to find all matches of
		 a regular expression? What function is used to replace matches of a regular expression?',
		'a' =>'<p><b>preg_match()</b> is used to find the first match of a regular expression in a subject. It returns either 
		1 on success or 0 on failure or False on error (use the === operator to determine return value).<br/><b>preg_match_all()</b>
		 will find all matches of a regular expression in a subject. It will return the number of matches made (0 if none, false on error)
		  Either of the previous functions, if passed a third argument will store any matches from the expression in it as an array.
		  <br/><b>preg_replace()</b> is used to replace a string with another value if it matches the pattern. It returns all values with any 
		  substitutions made.<br/><b>preg_filter()</b> is similar to preg_replace but it will filter out any non matching values and return only 
		  those modified.</p>'
	),
	2 => array(
		'q' =>'What characters can you use and not use to delineate a regular expression?',
		'a' =>'<p> When using the PCRE functions, it is required that the pattern is enclosed by delimiters. A delimiter can be any
		 non-alphanumeric, non-backslash, non-whitespace character. Often used delimiters are forward slashes (/), hash signs (#) 
		 and tildes (~). The following are all examples of valid delimited patterns.<br />/foo bar/<br />#^[^0-9]$#<br />+php+<br />%[a-zA-Z0-9_-]%<br />
		If the delimiter needs to be matched inside the pattern it must be escaped using a backslash. If the delimiter appears 
		often inside the pattern, it is a good idea to choose another delimiter in order to increase readability.</p>'
	),
	3 => array(
		'q' =>'How do you match a literal character or string of characters?',
		'a' =>'<p>Most characters stand for themselves in a pattern, and match the corresponding characters in the subject. </p>'
	),
	4 => array(
		'q' =>'What are meta-characters? How do you escape a meta-character?',
		'a' =>'<p>Meta-characters are encoded in the pattern and do not stand for themselves but instead are interpreted
		 in some special way. They include:<ul>
		<li><b>\</b>	general escape character with several uses</li>
		<li><b>^</b>	assert start of subject (or line, in multiline mode)</li>
		<li><b>$</b>	assert end of subject or before a terminating newline (or end of line, in multiline mode)</li>
		<li><b>.</b>	match any character except newline (by default)</li>
		<li><b>[</b>	start character class definition</li>
		<li><b>]</b>	end character class definition</li>
		<li><b>|</b>	start of alternative branch</li>
		<li><b>(</b>	start subpattern</li>
		<li><b>)</b>	end subpattern</li>
		<li><b>?</b>	extends the meaning of (, also 0 or 1 quantifier, also makes greedy quantifiers lazy (see repetition)</li>
		<li><b>*</b>	0 or more quantifier</li>
		<li><b>+</b>	1 or more quantifier</li>
		<li><b>{</b>	start min/max quantifier</li>
		<li><b>}</b>	end min/max quantifier</li></ul> To escape a meta-character, prepend the backslash.</p>'
	),
	5 => array(
		'q' =>' What meta-character do you use to bind a pattern to the beginning of a string? To the end?',
		'a' =>'<p>The <b>^</b> marks the beginning of a string and the <b>$</b> is used to mark the end.</p>'
	),
	6 => array(
		'q' =>'How do you create subpatterns (aka groupings)?',
		'a' =>'<p>Subpatterns are contained within parenthesis, which can be nested. Subpatterns allow for localizing a set of alternative strings.
		It also sets up the subpattern to be capturing which sends the matching string back to the calling function as a numbered match.
		 For example, if the string "the red king" is matched against the pattern the ((red|white) (king|queen)) the captured substrings are "red king", "red", and "king", and are numbered 1, 2, and 3.</p>'
	),
	7 => array(
		'q' =>'What are the quantifiers? How do you require 0 or 1 of a character or string? 0 or more? 1 or more? 
		Precisely X occurrences? A range of occurrences? A minimum of occurrences?',
		'a' =>'<p>The general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum number of permitted matches, 
		by giving the two numbers in curly brackets (braces), separated by a comma. Common quantifiers are:<ul>
		<li><b>?</b> 0 or 1</li>
		<li><b>*</b> 0 or more</li>
		<li><b>+</b> 1 or more</li>
		<li><b>{x}</b> Exactly x occurrences</li>
		<li><b>{x,y}</b> Between x and y (inclusive)</li>
		<li><b>{x,}</b> At least x occurrences</li></ul></p>'
	),
	8 => array(
		'q' =>'What are character classes? ',
		'a' =>'<p>A character class is a set of characters contained within square brackets. Use the <b>^</b> to negate the character class.
		A character class matches a single character in the subject; the character must be in the set of characters defined by the class.
		For example, the character class <b>[aeiou]</b> matches any lower case vowel, while <b>[^aeiou]</b> matches any character that is not a lower case vowel. </p>'
	),
	9 => array(
		'q' =>'What meta-characters still have meaning within character classes?',
		'a' =>'<p>The only meta-characters that are useful within a character class are: <ul>
		<li><b>\</b>	general escape character</li>
		<li><b>^</b>	negate the class, but only if the first character</li>
		<li><b>-</b>	indicates character range</li></ul></p>'
	),
	10 => array(
		'q' =>'What shortcut represents the “any digit” character class? The “any white space” class? “Any word”?
		 What shortcuts represent the opposite of these?',
		'a' =>'<p>The most common character classes have shortcuts to represent their represented characters.<ul>
		<li><b>/d</b> any digit, [0-9]</li>
		<li><b>/w</b> any word, [A-Za-z0-9_]</li>
		<li><b>/s</b> any whitespace, [\f\r\t\n\v]</li>
		<li><b>/D</b> NOT any digit, [^0-9]</li>
		<li><b>/W</b> NOT any word, [^A-Za-z0-9_]</li>
		<li><b>/S</b> NOT any whitespace, [^\f\r\t\n\v]</li>
		</ul></p>'
	),
	11 => array(
		'q' =>' What are boundaries? How do you create boundaries in patterns?',
		'a' =>'<p>A boundary in a match can be represented by the <b>/b</b> shortcut. It allows for isolating words based on values represented by
		the /w shortcut. For non-word boundaries use <b>/B</b>. For example, the pattern <b>\bfor\b</b> matches they\'ve come for you 
		but doesn’t match force or forebode and <b>\bfor\B</b> would match force but not informal.</p>'
	),
	12 => array(
		'q' =>'How do you make matches “lazy”? And what does that mean anyway?',
		'a' =>'<p>By default, matches in regular expressions are greedy, meaning they will match the largest grouping possible, to make them 
		lazy (match the shortest groupings possible) you can use the ? after the repetition quantifier or insert a negative character class.
		</p>
		<p>For example:<br/>&lt;em&gt;test&lt;/em&gt; using &lt;.+&gt; will return &lt;em&gt;test&lt;/em&gt;<br/>Instead use either &lt;.+?&gt; or &lt;[^&gt;].&gt; to return &lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt;</p>'
	),
	13 => array(
		'q' =>' What are the pattern modifiers?',
		'a' =>'<p>Pattern modifiers control the universal behavior for the pattern. They are placed after the closing delimiter. Some examples include:
		<ul><li><b>A</b> Anchors the pattern to the beginning of the string</li>
		<li><b>i</b> Enables case-insensitive mode</li>
		<li><b>m</b> Enables multiline matching</li>
		<li><b>s</b> Has the period match every character, including newline</li>
		<li><b>x</b> Ignores most white space</li>
		<li><b>U</b> Performs a non-greedy match</li></ul></p>'
	),
	14 => array(
		'q' =>'What is back referencing? How does it work?',
		'a' =>'<p>Backreferences match the same text as previously matched by a capturing group. 
		Suppose you want to match a pair of opening and closing HTML tags, and the text ,in between. By putting the opening 
		tag into a backreference, we can reuse the name of the tag for the closing tag. <br />Here\'s how: 
		&lt;([A-Z][A-Z0-9]*)\b[^&gt;]*&gt;.*?&lt;/\1&gt;. <br/>This regex contains only one pair of parentheses, which capture the string matched 
		by [A-Z][A-Z0-9]*. The backreference \1 (backslash one) references the first capturing group. \1 matches the exact same text
		 that was matched by the first capturing group. The / before it is a literal character. It is simply the forward slash in the
		 closing HTML tag that we are trying to match.<br/>You can reuse the same backreference more than once. ([a-c])x\1x\1 matches axaxa, bxbxb and cxcxc.</p>'
	)
);
include('templates/review.php');
?>